![]() The massif consists of Jurassic and Cretaceous formations notched by deep erosion-carved valleys. Jbel Toubkal lies in the Toubkal national park, which was created in 1942. Its high point is the Jbel Toubkal, which is visible from the city of Marrakech. In the west lies the oldest portion of the range. This portion of High-Atlas is very similar to the Rocky Mountains in the western United States. In addition, some localized valleys supplied by irrigation make agriculture possible. It extends southward from the steppe lands into rocky desert. These regions are marked by variations in temperatures. Continental semi-arid or steppe climate, and is present in the southern part of the Central High Atlas, from Toubkal to Imilchil, and the whole Oriental High-Atlas down of Imilchil.However, these forests are declining because of the reducing of annual precipitation, over-exploitation of the trees (used for construction and heating), and sheep-goat overgrazing. These conditions allow the existence of pine, oak and cedar forests. Important rivers flow through the valleys (including Asif Melloul, Oued n'Fis, and Oued Tessaout) supply the fertile basins like Aït Bou Guemez and Imilchil. Snow falls between November and April, but can persist from September to June in the peaks. ![]() The drought in the summer months, interrupted by thunderstorms, is usually intense. The annual rainfall is between 600 and 1,000 mm (24 and 39 in). These regions are relatively humid with irregular precipitations but occasionally torrential.
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